Earth is in a state of constant change. No matter whether as
a result of human activity or solar disturbances, the future of the Earth is
guaranteed to be more than interesting, but not without chaos. The following
list shows the top ten events that are predicted to transfer the land in the
next few billion years.
1. New Ocean
About 10 million years
New Ocean is one of the hottest places on earth; the Afar
depression. It is between Ethiopia and Eritrea - an average of 100 meters below
sea level. At this point, between the surface and a boiling hot magma is only
20 km away, and the earth is slowly thinning due to tectonic movements.
Including deadly array of volcanoes, geysers, earthquakes and toxic heated
water trough is unlikely to resort, but after 10 million years, when the
geological activity ceases, leaving a dry pool, this place will eventually fill
with water, and form a new ocean - the perfect place for water skiing in the
summer.
2. Event with a huge influence on the Earth
About 100 million years
Given the rich history of the Earth and a relatively large
number of random fragments floating around in space with a threat to the
planet, scientists predict that in the next 100 million years the Earth has
experienced the impact of an event comparable to the event, caused the
Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction 65 million years ago. This is certainly bad news
for all life on Earth. And while some will undoubtedly survive, the impact is
likely to mean the end of the era of mammals - the current Cenozoic era - and
instead the Earth will enter a new era of complex life forms. Who knows what
life will thrive on this newly purified Earth? Maybe one day we will share the
universe with intelligent invertebrates and amphibians. At this point, we can
only imagine what will happen.
3. Pangea Ultima
~ 250 million years
For the next 50 million years Africa, which migrates to the
north over the last 40 million years, in the end, will collide with southern
Europe. This movement will seal the Mediterranean to 100 million years, and
will create thousands of miles of new mountain ranges to the delight of
climbers around the world. Australia and Antarctica, too, tend to be part of a
new supercontinent, and will continue to flow northward to merge with Asia.
While all this is going on, America will continue on its course to the west,
away from Europe and Africa to Asia.
What happens next is still under discussion. It is believed
that while the Atlantic Ocean is growing, on the western border is formed
subduction zone, which will extend from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean into
the ground. This effectively changes the direction in which America is moving,
and in the end, delivers it to the eastern boundary of the Eurasian
supercontinent for about 250 million years. If not, we can expect that both
America will continue on its way to the west until the merge with Asia. In any
case, we hope to form a new super continent: Pangea Ultima - through 500
million years after the last of the continent, Pangaea. After that, it will
probably be divided again and start a new cycle of drift and merge.
4. Burst of Gamma Rays
Of ~ 600 million years
If the event with a huge impact on the Earth, repeated every
few hundred million years, you think not a bad option, then you should know
that the earth constantly has to deal with the rare gamma-ray bursts - streams
of ultrahigh-energy radiation, usually emitted by supernovae. Despite the fact
that we are weak gamma-ray bursts daily explosions occurring in the next solar
system - within 6,500 light years away - has the potential to wreak havoc on
its way.
With more energy than the sun has produced over the entire
life cycle, which fall to the ground in minutes or even seconds, gamma rays
will burn most of the Earth's ozone layer, causing a drastic change in climate
and extensive environmental damage, including mass extinction.
Some believe that such a burst of gamma rays triggered the
second largest mass extinction in history: the Ordovician-Silurian extinction
450 million years ago, which destroyed 60% of all life on Earth.
Like all events in astronomy, the exact time for a set of
events that provoke directed to Earth gamma-ray burst, is very difficult to
predict, although the typical period is estimated that 0.5-2 billion years. But
this time may be reduced to a million years, if the threat of Eta Carinae
Nebula is implemented.
5. Uninhabitable
~ 1.5 billion years
Since the Sun is getting hotter as the increase in size, the
Earth will eventually cease to be habitable - because of the proximity to the
scorching sun. By this time, everything, even the most stable forms of life on
earth will perish. The oceans are completely dry, leaving only the burnt desert
land. Time goes on, and the temperature rises, the Earth can take the path of
Venus and turn into a toxic wasteland, as will heat up to the boiling point of
many toxic metals. What's left of humanity, must be freed this place to
survive. Fortunately by this time Mars will enter the habitable zone, and can
serve as a temporary home for the rest of the people.
6. The Collapsing Magnetic Field
~ 2.5 billion years old
Some believe, based on the current understanding of the
Earth's core that over 2.5 billion years of the Earth's outer core is no longer
liquid and starts to freeze. Since the core cools, the magnetic field of the
earth will slowly fade, until no longer exist at all. In the absence of a
magnetic field, there will be nothing to protect the Earth from the solar wind
and the Earth's atmosphere will gradually lose its easy connections - such as
ozone - and gradually turn into pitiful remnants of itself. Now, with an
atmosphere similar to a Venusian, the Earth will feel the full force of the
solar radiation, which makes already inhospitable land, even more insidious.
7. The Inner Solar System Catastrophe
~ 3.5 billion years
Later about 3 billion years, there is a small but
significant chance that Mercury's orbit will extend such a way that crosses the
path of Venus. At the moment we cannot predict what will happen and when it
happens, but at best simply be absorbed by Mercury Sun, or destroyed in a
collision with his older sister Venus. And in the worst case? Earth may run
into any of the other non-gaseous planets whose orbits are radically
destabilized Mercury. If somehow the inner solar system will remain intact and
will continue to run smoothly in the five billion years will cross the orbit of
Mars to Earth, creating the possibility of another disaster.
8. The New Picture of the Night Sky
~ 4 billion years
Will be years and all life on Earth will be pleased to see
steady growth in the Andromeda galaxy in the picture of our sky. This is truly
a magnificent sight: to see the full grandeur perfectly formed spiral galaxy,
glowing in the sky, but it will not last forever. Over time, it will badly distort
and merged with the Milky Way, plunging stable star arena in chaos. Despite the
fact that the direct collision of celestial bodies, it is unlikely there is a
small chance that our solar system may be removed and thrown into the abyss of
the universe. In any case, our night sky would be, at least temporarily,
decorated trillions of new stars
9. Ring Debris
About 5 billion years
Although the moon is constantly retreating to a distance of
4 cm per year, Sun has entered a phase of the red giant, and it is likely that
the current trend will stop. Additional force acting on the moon from a huge
bloated star will be enough to bring down the moon on the ground. When the moon
reaches the Roche limit, it starts to break down because the force of gravity
exceeds the force holding the moon in integrity. After that, perhaps around the
Earth formed a ring of debris, showing all life on earth beautiful view, while
debris falls to the ground after millions of years.
If not, is there another way in which the moon can fall back
on the parent planet. If the Earth and the Moon will continue to exist in their
present form, with their constant orbit, about 50 billion years, Earth will
become tidally locked with the Moon. Shortly after this event, the height of
the orbit of the moon begins to disintegrate, while the rotation of the Earth
to rise quickly. This process will continue until the moon reaches the Roche
limit and fall apart, forming a ring around the Earth.
10. The Destruction
Is not known
Probability that the Earth will collapse within the next ten
billion years is very high. In the cold grip of a treacherous world, or from
suffocation in the arms of our dying Sun, it would certainly be a sad moment
for all survivors - even if they do not remember what this planet. Let's just
hope that the land shall not overtake the sad fate of wandering in the cold
depths of space, as the Exile from his home.
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